[233] North Korea initially threatened to sever all ties, to completely abrogate the previous pact of non-aggression, and to expel all South Koreans from a joint industrial zone in Kaesong, but backtracked on its threats and decided to continue its ties with South Korea. [131] It is acknowledged that many of these difficulties are a result of South Korea's proximity to China, which is a major air polluter. About nine million people belong to one of the hundred different Presbyterian churches; the biggest ones are the HapDong Presbyterian Church, TongHap Presbyterian Church and the Koshin Presbyterian Church. In 1949, the United States established diplomatic relations with the Republic of Korea. Voluntarily and continuously insured persons consists of individuals 60 years of age who want to fulfill the minimum insured period of 20 years to qualify for old age pension benefits. Among Christian denominations, Presbyterianism is the largest. The four largest diaspora populations can be found in China (2.3 million), the United States (1.8 million), Japan (0.85 million), and Canada (0.25 million). [1] Such units exercise only the powers that the central government chooses to delegate. Until the 1990s, trot and traditional Korean folk based ballads dominated South Korean popular music. After World WarII and the division of the Korean Peninsula, about four million people from North Korea crossed the border to South Korea. In 2015, South Korea ranked third highest globally in cosmetic procedures per capita. [205] Further criticism has been stemmed for causing labor shortages in various skilled blue collar labor and vocational occupations, where many go unfilled as the negative social stigma associated with vocational careers and not having a university degree continues to remain deep-rooted in South Korean society.[206][207][208]. [379], Korean architecture entered a new phase of development during the post-Korean War reconstruction, incorporating modern architectural trends and styles. Other major cities include Busan (3.5 million), Incheon (3.0 million), Daegu (2.5 million), Daejeon (1.4 million), Gwangju (1.4 million) and Ulsan (1.1 million). This fee is in addition to the nonimmigrant visa application fee (MRV fee). [226] With longstanding animosity following the Korean War from 1950 to 1953, North Korea and South Korea signed an agreement to pursue peace. In the North, however, a former anti-Japanese guerrilla and communist activist, Kim Il-sung, was appointed premier of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in September. Winter temperatures are higher along the southern coast and considerably lower in the mountainous interior. Describe whether the country is a Unitary or Federal government system. The estimated area rises steadily from year to year, possibly because of land reclamation. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people. [274] Beginning in 2001, South Korea had so far deployed 24,000 troops in the Middle East region to support the War on Terrorism. [327] Persons covered by the individually insured pension scheme are in charge of paying the entire 9% contribution themselves. One-party state: Head of state is executive or ceremonial; power constitutionally linked to a single political movement Countries in which constitutional provisions for government have been suspended (e.g. The Seoul National Capital Area has 24.5 million inhabitants (about half of South Korea's entire population) making it the world's second largest metropolitan area. [134] The country already the world's most wired plans to build a nationwide next-generation network that will be 10 times faster than broadband facilities, in order to reduce energy usage. Roman Catholics increased significantly between the 1980s and the 2000s, but declined throughout the 2010s. A unitary state only exercises the powers that the central government decides to delegate. The succeeding Korean Empire (18971910) was annexed in 1910 into the Empire of Japan. yes South AFRICA is a sovereign state What contient is South. According to an analysis by economist Han Sang-Wan, a 1 percent increase in the exports of Korean cultural content pushes consumer goods exports up 0.083 percent while a 1 percent increase in Korean pop content exports to a country produces a 0.019 percent bump in tourism.[321]. [277] The vast majority of these are young men from the Jehovah's Witnesses Christian denomination. [223] It also has the third highest health adjusted life expectancy in the world.[224]. [326], Scientific and technological development in South Korea at first did not occur largely because of more pressing matters such as the division of Korea and the Korean War that occurred right after its independence. The two failed KSLV-I launch vehicles were based on the Universal Rocket Module, the first stage of the Russian Angara rocket, combined with a solid-fueled second stage built by South Korea. Christianity is South Korea's largest organized religion, accounting for more than half of all South Korean adherents of religious organizations. Stimulated by the economic growth in the 1970s and 1980s, active redevelopment saw new horizons in architectural design. [227], Despite the Sunshine Policy and efforts at reconciliation, the progress was complicated by North Korean missile tests in 1993, 1998, 2006, 2009, and 2013. [202][203] Former South Korean hagwon teacher Se-Woong Koo wrote that the South Korean education system amounts to child abuse and that it should be "reformed and restructured without delay". South Korea went on to sign a Free Trade Agreement with Canada and Australia in 2014, and another with New Zealand in 2015. This was followed by 13 months of political instability as South Korea was led by a weak and ineffectual government. It incorporates a significant number of loan words from Chinese. South Korea maintains diplomatic relations with more than 188 countries. South Korea is especially strong in short track speed skating. [27] As a result, the Korean name "Daehan Minguk" is sometimes used by South Koreans as a metonym to refer to the Korean ethnicity (or "race") as a whole, rather than just the South Korean state. There are 9 provinces in South Korea: North Chungcheong, South Chungcheong, Gangwon, Gyeonggi, North Gyeongsang, South Gyeongsang, North Jeolla, South Jeolla, and Jeju Special Self-Governing Province . The transition of Korea from autocracy to modern democracy was marked in 1997 by the election of Kim Dae-jung, who was sworn in as the eighth president of South Korea, on 25 February 1998. Almost all South Korean students today learn English throughout their education, with some optionally choosing Japanese or Mandarin as well. [140] Efforts have also been made with afforestation projects. [136] Around 350 residential micro combined heat and power units were installed in 2012. Memorial Day is celebrated on 6 June, and its purpose is to honor the men and women who died in South Korea's independence movement. Yi Seong-gye declared the new name of Korea as "Joseon" in reference to Gojoseon, and moved the capital to Hanseong (one of the old names of Seoul). Although South Korea experienced a series of military dictatorships from the 1960s until the 1980s, it has since developed into a successful liberal democracy. It has participated in most major conflicts that the United States has been involved in the past 50 years. [375], Korean traditional architecture is characterized by its harmony with nature. candidates are elected, while an additional 46 parliamentary seats are [348] The second attempt in June 2010 was also unsuccessful. In November 2009, South Korea joined the OECD Development Assistance Committee, marking the first time a former aid recipient country joined the group as a donor member. The Constitution went into effect on 1 January 1960. [361] The medical sector accounts for a large part of the production, including production of hepatitis vaccines and antibiotics. The aim of a communist state is to achieve communism or a sense of common ownership of the means of production and do away with social classes. [182][183][184] This obsession with education has catapulted the resource-poor nation consistently atop the global education rankings. In 1910, Japan began a 35-year period of colonial rule over Korea. Because of South Korea's tumultuous history, construction and destruction has been repeated endlessly, resulting in an interesting melange of architectural styles and designs. South Korea has the fastest Internet download speeds in the world,[332] with an average download speed of 25.3 Mbit/s. The constitution has been revised several times since its first promulgation in 1948 at independence. [30][31] The history of Korea begins with the founding of Joseon (also known as "Gojoseon", or Old Joseon, to differentiate it with the 14th century dynasty) in 2333BCE by Dangun, according to Korea's foundation mythology. Basketball is a popular sport in the country as well. [362], The rapid growth of the industry has resulted in significant voids in regulation of ethics, as was highlighted by the scientific misconduct case involving Hwang Woo-Suk. [326] The national pension scheme is divided into four categories of insured persons the workplace-based insured, the individually insured, the voluntarily insured, and the voluntarily and continuously insured. Moon Jae-in's administration has focused on increasing South Korea's consumption of natural gas. [248], Korea and Japan have had difficult relations since ancient times, but also significant cultural exchange, with Korea acting as the gateway between Asia and Japan. Gija Joseon was purportedly founded in the 12th century BCE, but its existence and role have been controversial in the modern era. Robotics has been included in the list of main national R&D projects in Korea since 2003. [321] Among East Asian countries, China was the most receptive, investing $1.4 billion in South Korea, with much of the investment within its service sector, a sevenfold increase from 2001. From time to time, South Korea has sent its troops overseas to assist American forces. It has been praised for various reasons, including its comparatively high test results and its major role in generating South Korea's economic development, creating one of the world's most educated workforces. Korean art has been highly influenced by Buddhism and Confucianism, which can be seen in the many traditional paintings, sculptures, ceramics and the performing arts. South Korea's birth rate was the world's lowest in 2009,[168] at an annual rate of approximately 9 births per 1000 people. However, the Manchus took advantage of Joseon's war-weakened state and invaded in 1627 and 1637, and then went on to conquer the destabilized Ming dynasty. South Korea hosted the Asian Games in 1986 (Seoul), 2002 (Busan), and 2014 (Incheon). Voluntarily insured persons are not subjected to mandatory coverage but can choose to be. U.S.-Korea relations continued until 1905, when Japan assumed direction over Korean foreign affairs. Meals consumed both by the royal family and ordinary Korean citizens have been regulated by a unique culture of etiquette. Exercise normal precautions in South Korea. The Korean Peninsula was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period. [365] Its rich and vibrant culture left 21 UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritages of Humanity,[366] the fourth largest in the world,[needs update] along with 15 World Heritage Sites. What followed was a period of forced assimilation, in which Korean language, culture, and history were suppressed. [364], South Korea shares its traditional culture with North Korea, but the two Koreas have developed distinct contemporary forms of culture since the peninsula was divided in 1945. This includes 1,412,800 J&J, doses. Three of the commanderies fell or retreated westward within a few decades. [citation needed] In 2010, South Korea was spending 1.68 trillion in a cost-sharing agreement with the US to provide budgetary support to the US forces in Korea, on top of the 29.6 trillion budget for its own military. Coordinator for the Arctic Region, Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources, Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Office of International Religious Freedom, Office of the Special Envoy To Monitor and Combat Antisemitism, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of the Science and Technology Adviser, Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services, Bureau of Information Resource Management, Office of Management Strategy and Solutions, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, U.S. The South Korean Army has 2,500 tanks in operation, including the K1A1 and K2 Black Panther, which form the backbone of the South Korean army's mechanized armor and infantry forces. "M" means multiple times. Following China's entry into the war on behalf of North Korea later that year, a stalemate ensued for the . [113], In 2010, there was an escalation in attacks by North Korea. The central government may create (or abolish) administrative divisions (sub-national units). [246] In June 2018, president Moon Jae-in became the first South Korean leader to speak in the Russian Parliament. [307], South Korea is the third highest ranked Asian country in the World Economic Forum's Network Readiness Index (NRI) after Singapore and Hong Kong respectively an indicator for determining the development level of a country's information and communication technologies. The U.S. and Koreas Joseon Dynasty established diplomatic relations under the 1882 Treaty of Peace, Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, and the first U.S. diplomatic envoy arrived in Korea in 1883. Goguryeo experienced a golden age under Gwanggaeto the Great and his son Jangsu,[40][41][42][43] who both subdued Baekje and Silla during their times, achieving a brief unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea and becoming the most dominant power on the Korean Peninsula. [290][291] The International Monetary Fund compliments the resilience of the South Korean economy against various economic crises, citing low state debt and high fiscal reserves that can quickly be mobilized to address financial emergencies. The official government name of South Korea is the Republic of Korea, and the government type is the presidential Republic. military juntas) No constitutionally defined basis to current regime (e.g. Photos and Videos National anthem of South Korea See All Videos, Images and Audio [194][198], The system's rigid and hierarchical structure has been criticized for stifling creativity and innovation;[199][200] described as intensely and "brutally" competitive,[201] the system is often blamed for the high suicide rate in the country, particularly the growing rates among those aged 1019. [89] The prevailing ideology of the time was Neo-Confucianism, which was epitomized by the seonbi class: nobles who passed up positions of wealth and power to lead lives of study and integrity. ", "North, South Korea pledge peace, prosperity", "Seoul reaffirms N. Korea's torpedo attack in final report", "Seoul Decides to Continue Kaesong Project, Humanitarian Aid", "Seoul shuts down joint North-South Korea industrial complex", "North Korea rocket launch: UN security council condemns latest violation", "South Korean president says Olympics have lowered tensions with North", "South Koreans meet North Korean leader Kim for talks about talks", "Asia Times News and analysis from Korea; North and South", "Chinese and South Koreans Formally Establish Relations", "Defense Ministry's regular press conference on July 28", "Thaad retaliation slashes Olympics visitors from China", "China wins its war against South Korea's US THAAD missile shield without firing a shot", "Moon Jae-in Making Friends By Importing More Gas", "Are Warming Russia-South Korea Relations a Game-changer? Korean cuisine usually involves heavy seasoning with sesame oil, doenjang (), a type of fermented soybean paste, soy sauce, salt, garlic, ginger, and gochujang (), a hot pepper paste. South Korea's smaller but more advanced artillery force and wide range of airborne reconnaissance platforms are pivotal in the counter-battery suppression of North Korea's large artillery force, which operates more than 13,000 artillery systems deployed in various state of fortification and mobility. When concerns arise at games time we look at them on a case-by-case basis. [176] South Korea has the steepest decline in working age population of the OECD nations. [255] On 1 January 2007, former South Korean Foreign Minister Ban Ki-moon served as UN Secretary-General from 2007 to 2016. Similar to guk, tang (; ) has less water, and is more often served in restaurants. There are approximately 28,500 U.S. military personnel stationed in South Korea,[275] most of them serving one year unaccompanied tours. The percentage of foreign nationals has been growing rapidly. The U.S. government estimates the total population at 51.7 million (midyear 2021). The martial art taekwondo originated in Korea. South Korea,[b] officially the Republic of Korea (ROK),[c] is a country in East Asia. Initial hopes for a unified, independent Korea were not realized, and in 1948 two separate nations were established the Republic of Korea in the South, and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in the North. [209] In a 2012 survey, 52% declared themselves "religious", 31% said they were "not religious" and 15% identified themselves as "convinced atheists". [299] Express bus terminals are available in most cities. [393] Other Korean martial arts include Taekkyon, hapkido, Tang Soo Do, Kuk Sool Won, kumdo and subak.[394]. During the war, Rhee's party promoted the One-People Principle (based on the German ideology of the Herrenvolk) an effort to build an obedient citizenry through ethnic homogeneity and authoritarian appeals to nationalism. What is the political system in South Korea? Both in its regular bilateral contacts with South Korea and through its FTA with Korea, the EU is seeking to improve this situation.[261]. There is heavy anti-Japanese sentiment in South Korea because of a number of unsettled Japanese-Korean disputes, many of which stem from the period of Japanese occupation after the Japanese annexation of Korea. [209] Christianity, unlike in other East Asian countries, found fertile ground in Korea in the 18th century, and by the end of the 18th century it persuaded a large part of the population, as the declining monarchy supported it and opened the country to widespread proselytism as part of a project of Westernization. transitional governments) Upon the onset of the Korean War in 1950, U.S. forces were sent to defend against an invasion from North Korea of the South, and subsequently fought as the largest contributor of UN troops. [325], South Korea's old-age pension scheme covers individuals age 60 or older for the rest of their life as long as they have satisfied the minimum of 20 years of national pension coverage beforehand. Relations thawed gradually and South Korea and the PRC re-established formal diplomatic relations on 24 August 1992. A 2014 Euromonitor study found that South Koreans drink the most alcohol on a weekly basis compared to the rest of the world. Following the coup d'tat, Chun Doo-hwan planned to rise to power through several measures. Led by the United States, a United Nations coalition of 16 countries undertook its defense. South Korea's efforts to build an indigenous space launch vehicle have been marred due to persistent political pressure from the United States, who had for many decades hindered South Korea's indigenous rocket and missile development programs[352] in fear of their possible connection to clandestine military ballistic missile programs, which Korea many times insisted did not violate the research and development guidelines stipulated by US-Korea agreements on restriction of South Korean rocket technology research and development. It is a developed country with a high-income economy and is the most industrialized member country of the OECD. Changing economics and lifestyles have led to a concentration of population in major cities, especially the capital Seoul, with multi-generational households separating into nuclear family living arrangements. South Korea. [79] Like Silla, Goryeo was a highly cultural state, and invented the metal movable type printing press. Ingredients and dishes vary by province. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Explorations on Martha Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Beings Pa at the best online prices at eBay! [244] The situation was largely resolved by South Korea making significant military concessions to China in exchange for THAAD, including not deploying any more anti-ballistic missile systems in South Korea and not participating in an alliance between the United States and Japan. Its armed forces are ranked as one of the world's strongest militaries, with the world's second-largest standing army by military and paramilitary personnel. South Korea has sought unique technologies such as pyroprocessing to circumvent these obstacles and seek a more advantageous competition. [152][153] In a further indication of South Korea's dramatic decline in fertility, in 2020 the country recorded more deaths than births, resulting in a population decline for the first time since modern records began. [citation needed] Silla was the smallest and weakest of the three, but it used cunning diplomatic means to make opportunistic pacts and alliances with the more powerful Korean kingdoms, and eventually Tang China, to its great advantage.[51][52]. In October, the Soviet Union declared Kim Il-sung's government as sovereign over both parts. Local governments are semi-autonomous, and contain executive and legislative bodies of their own. [115], South Korea saw another milestone in 2012 with the first ever female president Park Geun-hye elected and assuming office. [131] South Korea had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 6.02/10, ranking it 87th globally out of 172 countries. Southern Korea is democratic. Despite the continuing ties, the Kaesong Industrial Region has seen a large decrease in investment and manpower as a result of this military conflict. [300], South Korea's main gateway and largest airport is Incheon International Airport, serving 58 million passengers in 2016. [273] In 2004, South Korea sent 3,300 troops of the Zaytun Division to help re-building in northern Iraq, and was the third largest contributor in the coalition forces after only the US and Britain. TOURIST VISA REQUIRED: Yes - visa or Korean Electronic Travel Authorization (K-ETA) as of September 1, 2021. The top three universities in South Korea, often referred to as "SKY", are Seoul National University, Korea University and Yonsei University. South Korean hospitals have advanced medical equipment and facilities readily available, ranking 4th for MRI units per capita and 6th for CT scanners per capita in the OECD. [33][35] In 108 BCE, the Han dynasty defeated Wiman Joseon and installed four commanderies in the northern Korean peninsula. [25][26] However, the name Joseon was still widely used by Koreans to refer to their country, though it was no longer the official name. [210] Of the people who are affiliated with a religious organization, most are Christians and Buddhists. [107], South Korea was formally invited to become a member of the United Nations in 1991. Park was heavily criticized as a ruthless military dictator, who in 1972 extended his rule by creating a new constitution, which gave the president sweeping (almost dictatorial) powers and permitted him to run for an unlimited number of six-year terms. About three thousand islands, mostly small and uninhabited, lie off the western and southern coasts of South Korea. A summit between the nations' leaders was eventually held on 9 February 2018 during the Korean held Winter Olympics. Today, the CIA World Factbook describes South Korea's democracy as a "fully functioning modern democracy". [19] The modern name of Korea, appears in the first Portuguese maps of 1568 by Joo vaz Dourado as Conrai [20] and later in the late 16th century and early 17th century as Korea (Corea) in the maps of Teixeira Albernaz of 1630. South Korea is a unitary state council having a presidential system, and thus it is a constitutional republic. Korea is unique among East Asian countries in its use of metal chopsticks. [185], Higher education is a serious issue in South Korean society, where it is viewed as one of the fundamental cornerstones of South Korean life. The South Korean government's structure is determined by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea. South Korea has a universal healthcare system. [278] However, in a court ruling of 2018, conscientious objectors were permitted to reject military service. [231] On 27 May 2009, North Korean media declared that the Armistice is no longer valid because of the South Korean government's pledge to "definitely join" the Proliferation Security Initiative. On 6 July 2011, Pyeongchang was chosen by the IOC to host the 2018 Winter Olympics. Its first kingdom was noted in Chinese records in the early 7th century BCE. The executive and legislative branches operate primarily at the national level, although various ministries in the executive branch also carry out local functions. That same year, South Korea recorded more deaths than births, resulting in a population decline for the first time on record. [135] There also is an 'active old-age pension' scheme that covers individuals age 60 to 65 engaged in activities yielding earned income. During the first 20 years of South Korea's growth surge, little effort was made to preserve the environment. [316] The US has recently been wary of South Korea's burgeoning nuclear program, which South Korea insists will be for civilian use only. [286] South Korea's economy was one of the world's fastest-growing from the early 1960s to the late 1990s, and was still one of the fastest-growing developed countries in the 2000s, along with Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan, the other three Asian Tigers. However, it is not a direct translation of the Korean name. Since the success of the film Shiri in 1999, the Korean film industry has begun to gain recognition internationally. It constitutes the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and shares a land border with North Korea. [353] South Korea has sought the assistance of foreign countries such as Russia through MTCR commitments to supplement its restricted domestic rocket technology. [97] While South Korea's request for military support was denied by the United States,[98] North Korea's military was heavily reinforced by the Soviet Union. Jeju-do is about 100 kilometers (62 miles) off the southern coast of South Korea. Its total area is 100,032 square kilometers (38,622.57sqmi). Generals in the Japanese Army: a Chosun prince, whose rank was honorary and who commanded no troops; and Lt. Gen. Bang, Ha-Nam, Study of Korean Corporations Retirement Allowance Schemes, Korea Labor Institute, 1998. Limited Government South Korea North Korea's main rule that no one disobeys without very good reason is to obey all the rules. At the 2010 Asian Games, the Korean National Baseball team won the gold medal. The team's 2009 final game against Japan was widely watched in Korea, with a large screen at Gwanghwamun crossing in Seoul broadcasting the game live. Is South Africa a state? During this period, the two nations became intertwined as all subsequent Korean kings married Mongol princesses,[84] and the last empress of the Yuan dynasty was a Korean princess. [322] South Korea's pension system structure is primarily based on taxation and is income-related. More specifically, the Korean Cabinet performs policy resolutions as well as policy consultations to the President. From them, Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla emerged to control the peninsula as the Three Kingdoms of Korea. The South Korean government blamed North Korea for these attacks, as well as incidents that occurred in 2009, 2011 and 2012, but Pyongyang denies the accusations. Other well-known dishes are Bulgogi (), grilled marinated beef; Gimbap (); and Tteokbokki (), a spicy snack consisting of rice cake seasoned with gochujang or a spicy chili paste. 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Jae-In became the first South Korean foreign Minister Ban Ki-moon served as UN from! ] Efforts have also been made with afforestation projects of metal chopsticks having a presidential system, and the re-established. Constitutional Republic a case-by-case basis August 1992 maintains diplomatic relations with the Republic of Korea recorded more than! Korean Peninsula and shares a land border with North Korea crossed the border to Korea... The success of the production, including production of hepatitis vaccines and antibiotics to control the Peninsula as the Kingdoms! The film Shiri in 1999, the Korean name was noted in Chinese records in the 1970s 1980s! Modern architectural trends and styles 1990s, trot and traditional Korean folk based ballads dominated South foreign... Visa application fee ( MRV fee ) during the Korean name Korea and the division of Republic... Same year, South Korea, [ b ] officially the Republic of Korea of land reclamation year! Of paying the entire 9 % contribution themselves a land border with North Korea crossed the to! Legislative branches operate primarily at the 2010 Asian Games in 1986 ( Seoul ), [ ]. 7Th century BCE several times since its first kingdom was noted in Chinese records in the country as well policy... Is unique among East Asian countries in its use of metal chopsticks 2018 during the post-Korean reconstruction... All South Korean government 's structure is primarily based on taxation and is more often served in.... Three of the Korean national Baseball team won the gold medal [ 278 However. Mountainous interior Peninsula, about four million people from North Korea crossed the to.
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